1
00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:25,680
This is made of oil.

2
00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:27,040
This is made of oil.

3
00:00:27,040 --> 00:00:28,440
This is made of oil.

4
00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:30,120
This is made of oil.

5
00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:31,440
This is made of oil.

6
00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:32,760
This is made of oil.

7
00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:34,240
This is made of oil.

8
00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:36,120
This is also made of oil.

9
00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:38,040
TOY PLAYS ARABIAN MUSIC

10
00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:05,760
<font color="
there was land here, not sea.

11
00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:24,040
200 million years ago,

12
00:01:24,040 --> 00:01:27,520
a layer of plants and animals
were squashed under rocks.

13
00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:31,800
These now become oil.

14
00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:52,360
You know, humans have been
on the planet for what,

15
00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:54,280
<font color="

16
00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:56,960
Modern humans for 10,000 years.

17
00:01:57,960 --> 00:02:02,520
The Industrial Revolution only
started in 1850 and onwards.

18
00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:05,520
And, actually, the fossil
fuel-driven society

19
00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:09,040
has probably really only
been 100 years at most.

20
00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:19,760
<font color="
of humankind.

21
00:02:26,400 --> 00:02:29,520
But that blip in the history of
humankind, where we've completely

22
00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:32,040
locked ourselves in
and completely normalised

23
00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,280
the huge uses of both energy
and particularly fossil fuels...

24
00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:41,040
<font color="
have impacts for centuries

25
00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:42,760
and millennia to come.

26
00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:58,040
It can feel like you're up against
something that's so massive,

27
00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:00,280
that's got the support
of governments

28
00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:03,040
and people who are so much
<font color="

29
00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:06,280
..that it's quite difficult
sometimes

30
00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:08,520
to know what to do to change that.

31
00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:12,280
I think that's basically
what eco anxiety is...

32
00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:16,040
..being constantly worried...

33
00:03:16,040 --> 00:03:19,040
..about whether or not
<font color="

34
00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:23,240
WIND HOWLS

35
00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:46,760
Somewhere between ten and 20 billion
barrels of oil are still available

36
00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:48,440
in the North Sea.

37
00:03:50,040 --> 00:03:52,760
If all of that was found
and combusted,

38
00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:55,360
so that's going to be somewhere,
very approximately,

39
00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:58,280
<font color="
tonnes of carbon dioxide.

40
00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:00,760
That is a huge amount
of carbon dioxide

41
00:04:00,760 --> 00:04:04,000
just from, remember, the North Sea,
the UK's North Sea.

42
00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:46,520
Britain has been defined
by the North Sea.

43
00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:59,040
In the beginning, companies
<font color="

44
00:04:59,040 --> 00:05:04,040
came and invested huge sums
in the search for oil and gas.

45
00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:24,360
Nobody thought that there would be
any oil in the North Sea -

46
00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:27,760
that was just way beyond
the bounds of possibility.

47
00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:42,040
BOAT HORN SOUNDS

48
00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:48,040
<font color="
before BP found oil,

49
00:05:48,040 --> 00:05:50,960
the head of BP said
it was an impossibility.

50
00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:13,040
And then, in October 1970,

51
00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:17,040
they found oil in, really,
a massive field,

52
00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:18,920
in the Forties field,

53
00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:22,080
110 miles off to the northeast
<font color="

54
00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:23,760
Liquid gold.

55
00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:27,040
Call it what you like,
Britain now has oil,

56
00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:29,400
billions and billions
of barrels on it

57
00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:32,520
and it has been quietly lapping
at the doorstep all the time.

58
00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:42,920
I was designing and constructing
<font color="

59
00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:44,920
with a team of other engineers.

60
00:06:48,520 --> 00:06:51,040
When you're flying into a rig...

61
00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:57,760
..when you look down
at these oil platforms,

62
00:06:57,760 --> 00:06:59,760
sometimes it just made me think,

63
00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,280
"This is amazing
that we've managed to do this."

64
00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:08,520
<font color="
beneath the seabed

65
00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:11,040
in a really hostile
part of the world.

66
00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:19,280
It was a bit like the Apollo project
of the time.

67
00:07:52,520 --> 00:07:55,520
REPORTER: North Sea platforms
need saturation divers.

68
00:07:55,520 --> 00:07:58,280
<font color="
for 30 days at a time

69
00:07:58,280 --> 00:08:01,440
at seabed pressures
of 400 or 500 feet.

70
00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:13,560
Diver back in the bell.

71
00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:22,280
It was like an adventure at first.

72
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:27,040
You got out there
and just the sheer scale of it,

73
00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:29,040
<font color="

74
00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:30,760
..of...

75
00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:34,680
..this island in the middle
of the North Sea...

76
00:08:34,680 --> 00:08:36,520
..with just nothing.

77
00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:49,520
I think there was this idea
that we were in this new industry.

78
00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:53,760
We were developing something
<font color="

79
00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:56,520
And everything you did...

80
00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:00,040
..would benefit the country,
benefit the nation.

81
00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,760
We were the pioneers, if you like.

82
00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:07,120
You know, you were breaking
new ground every time

83
00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:08,880
and new wells coming in.

84
00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:28,280
<font color="
to make the most of it as well

85
00:09:28,280 --> 00:09:30,680
because it wasn't going to
last long.

86
00:09:38,560 --> 00:09:43,520
Suddenly, crofters' and fishermen's
sons and grandsons

87
00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:46,800
are finding stable, well-paid jobs.

88
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,160
It means things like
<font color="

89
00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:55,040
and car ownership

90
00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:59,000
and forms of consumption that
are themselves oil-related.

91
00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:20,280
There was a perception that
Britain's or Scotland's oil

92
00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:24,280
was being exploited
for private gain.

93
00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:33,280
In 1974, there were two
<font color="

94
00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:38,040
The SNP stood on a platform
of saying, "This is your chance,

95
00:10:38,040 --> 00:10:43,520
"perhaps your last chance, to claim
ownership of these resources."

96
00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:48,040
By some estimates,
it could have made Scotland

97
00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:52,280
one of the richest economies
<font color="

98
00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:55,760
There's a time coming...

99
00:10:55,760 --> 00:10:59,920
And the argument was, if Scotland
didn't achieve independence,

100
00:10:59,920 --> 00:11:04,520
then the UK government
was going to extract this oil

101
00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:08,920
as quickly as possible
under pretty favourable terms

102
00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:10,760
<font color="

103
00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:19,760
At the time, I think we owned
about 60% or 70% of BP.

104
00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:23,520
We also created the British
National Oil Corporation.

105
00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:28,280
But the whole Thatcher ideology
of let the markets run it

106
00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:31,280
and give it over to the market,
<font color="

107
00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:35,040
Compare that to virtually
any country in the world,

108
00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:38,040
apart from the States, I think,
who have all got nationalised

109
00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:40,040
corporations of some kind,

110
00:11:40,040 --> 00:11:42,760
but obviously the standout one
is Norway -

111
00:11:42,760 --> 00:11:46,520
<font color="
comparative size to Scotland

112
00:11:46,520 --> 00:11:49,280
and it's probably the richest
country in the world.

113
00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:04,040
The government set about
dividing up the sea into blocks...

114
00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,000
..and selling off the national sea

115
00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:13,520
to international companies such
<font color="

116
00:12:13,520 --> 00:12:17,520
which is based in the US, and
selling off to them the rights

117
00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:21,040
of drilling in the North Sea
for oil and gas.

118
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:30,760
So companies, they'll bid
for certain blocks

119
00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:34,040
and then the licenses
<font color="

120
00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:38,040
and sometimes there will be certain
commitments with those licenses.

121
00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:42,040
So you have to do X number of wells
by a certain point and then,

122
00:12:42,040 --> 00:12:47,040
you know, thereafter you have to
come up with development plans

123
00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:49,040
<font color="

124
00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:51,360
..what you're going to do
with the licenses.

125
00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:54,760
So, you know, it's a fairly...fairly
straightforward process.

126
00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,520
I think people absolutely are very
concerned about climate change,

127
00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:03,480
as we are as a sector,

128
00:13:03,480 --> 00:13:06,280
<font color="
one way or the other,

129
00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:09,520
I think what will happen is we
will see people losing their jobs,

130
00:13:09,520 --> 00:13:12,760
we will see communities being
left behind, and that's not

131
00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:15,760
what we think we should be
working towards as a sector.

132
00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:18,520
<font color="
with our...

133
00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:20,840
..with the road map that
we've put in place,

134
00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,040
and now with the North Sea
Transition Deal

135
00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:25,360
that we've negotiated
with the government.

136
00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,840
In 2021, the government
<font color="

137
00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:32,040
the North Sea Transition Deal,

138
00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:36,520
which was basically driven
by two fundamental pressures -

139
00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:41,520
falling oil prices and rising
public concern about the climate.

140
00:13:45,760 --> 00:13:48,520
" 'As part of the UK's shift
towards green energy,

141
00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,040
<font color="
North Sea Transition Deal,

142
00:13:51,040 --> 00:13:54,280
" 'we are backing the
decarbonisation of the oil and gas
sector

143
00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:57,280
" 'to support high value jobs and
safeguard the skills necessary

144
00:13:57,280 --> 00:14:00,040
" 'to develop new low carbon
<font color="

145
00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:02,040
"said a spokesperson."

146
00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:05,040
I mean, that doesn't really
make sense

147
00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:08,040
because, I mean, they're talking
about decarbonising

148
00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:09,680
the oil and gas sector.

149
00:14:09,680 --> 00:14:12,120
It's like, you can't decarbonise
oil and gas.

150
00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:14,040
<font color="

151
00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:17,360
They're saying a lot of fancy words
that really don't mean anything.

152
00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:34,040
In 2015, Parliament basically passed
an amendment to the Petroleum Act

153
00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:38,280
that means that the government
has a duty to maximise

154
00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:41,040
economic recovery of offshore
<font color="

155
00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:44,760
I'm not paraphrasing -
that's what the statute says.

156
00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:52,680
The UK's former Chancellor,
Philip Hammond,

157
00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:55,520
in 2017, he said in a speech,

158
00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:59,760
"We are working with industry to
extract every drop of oil and gas

159
00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:01,640
<font color="

160
00:15:07,800 --> 00:15:10,680
We say between ten to 20 billion
barrels of oil

161
00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,040
are still out there
for us to get after.

162
00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:16,040
Erm, and...

163
00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:18,520
And even that, you know...

164
00:15:18,520 --> 00:15:23,000
Yeah, so... Which represents
a massive opportunity for us.

165
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,160
<font color="
an oil machine.

166
00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,280
One of the foundations
of the cultures

167
00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:51,040
that have developed around oil
is the assumption that energy

168
00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:55,280
will be easy to access
and freely available and cheap.

169
00:16:16,760 --> 00:16:21,520
<font color="
to build a significant part

170
00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:24,040
of what we have
in the North Sea today.

171
00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:28,520
The Forties field was one
of the most significant fields.

172
00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:32,840
We used to operate around 22
different fields platforms

173
00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:35,520
<font color="
now we operate about six.

174
00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:53,760
We are comfortably
the largest producer...

175
00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:55,920
..in the North Sea.

176
00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:59,520
We had a number of licences
for a relatively small company.

177
00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:02,760
We then did a transformative deal
with Shell,

178
00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:05,280
<font color="
of their UK business,

179
00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:07,520
and immediately transformed
ourselves

180
00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:09,760
into a very material operator.

181
00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:25,040
And, at the moment, we're the most
active driller in the North Sea,

182
00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:29,040
producing 1.6, 1.7 million
barrels a day.

183
00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:45,040
<font color="
barrels of oil a day in the UK.

184
00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,280
If we just take one part
of the North Sea,

185
00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:57,280
the Forties pipeline system,

186
00:17:57,280 --> 00:18:01,040
it's arguably one of the largest
machines in Western Europe,

187
00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:04,760
or possibly the world,
<font color="

188
00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:10,560
all the platforms and all the oil
wells and all the pipeline system.

189
00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:17,040
It drains oil from right over
on the edge of the UK sea limit,

190
00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:20,040
or from the Brae field
or the Montrose field,

191
00:18:20,040 --> 00:18:23,040
through the Forties
<font color="

192
00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:31,280
..until it lands on the shore
just north of Aberdeen.

193
00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:46,040
And that is one continuous system

194
00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:49,280
running all the way
across the seabed...

195
00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:54,280
..under the fields and forests
and rivers.

196
00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:58,280
One piece of clockwork.

197
00:18:59,760 --> 00:19:01,440
<font color="

198
00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:05,720
In effect, we're living
with that constantly running

199
00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:09,760
24 hours a day,
365 days a year.

200
00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:33,520
Until finally it gets
to the west of Edinburgh...

201
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:37,920
..where it comes to
Grangemouth refinery,

202
00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,520
<font color="
at a place called Hound Point.

203
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:55,840
At Grangemouth, it's refined
and it's turned into

204
00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:59,800
a whole plethora
of different products.

205
00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:05,520
So petrol, aviation, fuel,
diesel and even tarmac,

206
00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:07,560
<font color="

207
00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:26,040
And, you know, in some ways
it's a massively impressive feat

208
00:20:26,040 --> 00:20:29,600
of engineering that oil
is extracted in the North Sea...

209
00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:36,760
..and then transported by pipeline
into the middle of Scotland,

210
00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:42,000
and then distributed across much of
<font color="

211
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:45,480
Erm... But that comes at a cost.

212
00:21:04,120 --> 00:21:06,920
I really wanted to get involved
with the issues that are happening

213
00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:08,480
right around me

214
00:21:08,480 --> 00:21:11,360
because it's important that we are
involved in the things that happen

215
00:21:11,360 --> 00:21:14,680
right around us, as well as the
<font color="

216
00:21:14,680 --> 00:21:16,680
because it's all really connected.

217
00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:24,800
As a medic,
I care so deeply about health

218
00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:28,040
and I think that, from this lens
of health, we can actually achieve

219
00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,760
a climate just or a
better world for all of us.

220
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:34,320
<font color="
well, that the fossil fuel industry

221
00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:37,400
is impacting health in different
ways and pollution in the air

222
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,560
is impacting health, and therefore,
if we stop this polluting,

223
00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:41,840
we also increase health.

224
00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:44,800
I have lived experience
<font color="

225
00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:47,160
This plant stole my oxygen...

226
00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:51,400
..and it made me suffocate,

227
00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:54,000
suffocate so much...

228
00:21:56,040 --> 00:21:59,920
The Mossmorran Natural Gas Liquids,
NGL, plant is part of the northern

229
00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:02,560
North Sea Brent oil and gas field
system and is located

230
00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,880
<font color="
of Cowdenbeath, Scotland.

231
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:12,880
There's so much flaring
from this gas plant that it means

232
00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:16,560
that local people, like, can't sleep
well because of how bright it is.

233
00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:21,640
In fact, the impact of Mossmorran
and what's happening there and the

234
00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,120
<font color="
gas industry on our health

235
00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:27,120
and on our communities only serves
to allow these things to continue

236
00:22:27,120 --> 00:22:28,960
and to continue to cause harm,

237
00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:32,800
so I think that that's why
we need to draw these connections.

238
00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:51,280
There's a new oil and gas project,
<font color="

239
00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:53,680
in the Cambo Field,
which is in the North Sea.

240
00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:57,800
It's one of the biggest North Sea
oil fields that's ever been found.

241
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,880
So we're here to point out
the hypocrisy of approving

242
00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:04,280
this new field just after the IEA
<font color="

243
00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:06,880
and we cannot invest
in new oil and gas.

244
00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:09,760
CHANTING

245
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:14,000
The International Energy Agency,
they are very conservative, usually,

246
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:18,280
so the fact that they're saying no
new oil and gas is a very big deal.

247
00:23:18,280 --> 00:23:22,360
<font color="
that's being put in, it feels

248
00:23:22,360 --> 00:23:25,640
very performative because a lot
of the actions that are happening

249
00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:28,480
are still protecting the
oil and gas industry.

250
00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:36,520
It does come into question how much
we are like living in democracy.

251
00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,760
<font color="
are actually representing us

252
00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:45,080
or how much they're representing
big business.

253
00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:00,640
The government came out and said,
"Yes, licensing will continue

254
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:05,800
"because we do need oil and gas
activity to continue in the basin

255
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:10,080
<font color="
that we know is going to continue.

256
00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:15,240
"So, you know, better to have it
with your home-grown sector

257
00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:18,680
"on your doorstep, supporting
the jobs, not offshoring

258
00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:22,440
"your emissions, not having to
import the gap that would emerge

259
00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:24,880
<font color="

260
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,040
What they wanted to make sure
was that, as they go forward

261
00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:35,000
and that for every licensing
round that does come up,

262
00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,440
that it is still in line
with the Paris commitments

263
00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:41,080
and their net zero targets for 2050.

264
00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:52,080
<font color="
in taxes paid for production

265
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:55,120
and that doesn't even take
into account the associated

266
00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:58,080
supply chain taxes that are
generated and the jobs

267
00:24:58,080 --> 00:24:59,640
that are generated off that.

268
00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:01,480
LOUD BANG

269
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:08,720
<font color="
Exchequer was receiving a huge

270
00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:12,640
amount of cash from revenue
from the North Sea...

271
00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:18,320
..which, of course, was used
to pay for everything -

272
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:21,400
roads, schools and so on.

273
00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:28,320
In London, the
<font color="

274
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:31,240
had begun to be developed
since the '50s.

275
00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:35,400
This flourished on the back
of UK North Sea oil as well.

276
00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:40,240
It became an engine driving
forward the UK finance sector.

277
00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:52,160
And that cash flowed into
<font color="

278
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,800
Increasingly, UK pensions became
linked to shares in BP and Shell.

279
00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:00,600
And, indeed, by the 2000s,

280
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:05,240
about 30% of any major portfolio
of pension funds

281
00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,120
was in these two companies combined.

282
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:23,040
It's not just about
<font color="

283
00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:25,040
it's the spin-off of that wealth.

284
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:30,640
People need a shop, people go out,
people eat, people spend money,

285
00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:31,920
people buy things,

286
00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:34,080
that's how the cascade works.

287
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,800
The market, let's say the
London Stock Exchange,

288
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:52,840
<font color="

289
00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,160
because they are,
they're not a person.

290
00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:59,560
The market is a collection
of thousands of activities happening

291
00:26:59,560 --> 00:27:02,920
by individual investors making
decisions on behalf of other people.

292
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:06,040
It's considered amoral
<font color="

293
00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:08,080
It's not an individual.

294
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:10,760
Amoral is different to immoral,
remember.

295
00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:17,880
If you're an investor, return on
equity is the thing that matters -

296
00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:20,640
it tells you how
profitable a business is.

297
00:27:20,640 --> 00:27:24,200
A return on equity for the
<font color="

298
00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:27,880
double digits, absolutely.
100%, the norm.

299
00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:34,960
Today, return on equity
is struggling to get to 5% and 6%.

300
00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:38,400
Some of the fossil fuel firms,
they're in what's called a

301
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:40,840
secular decline, arguably, already.

302
00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:42,840
<font color="

303
00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:46,840
it's an asset against which
an enormous amount of debt

304
00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:48,200
has been leveraged.

305
00:27:48,200 --> 00:27:51,920
And the question is, does
the asset maintain its value?

306
00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:54,880
Does oil maintain its price?

307
00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:57,960
And that really matters,
<font color="

308
00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:02,000
to maintain its value then the debt
leveraged against that asset

309
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:03,920
is going to become unpayable.

310
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:12,040
Conversely, the return on equity
for offshore wind...

311
00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:14,840
..is about 11%...

312
00:28:17,360 --> 00:28:19,320
..onshore wind about ten

313
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:22,200
<font color="

314
00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:27,720
So you're already generating
more return on equity

315
00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:31,200
from putting your capital
into the renewable energy space.

316
00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:37,200
The question is, can it take as much
capital as is currently

317
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,080
in the fossil fuel sector?

318
00:28:41,440 --> 00:28:46,040
<font color="
in North Sea oil have to believe

319
00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:50,120
that it will continue and maintain
its value as an asset.

320
00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:55,320
And the question is, when does
the value of the asset fall?

321
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:00,160
COMPUTER BEEPS AND WHIRS

322
00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:06,760
And when the price of oil falls,

323
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:09,280
<font color="

324
00:29:17,120 --> 00:29:19,600
We have to reimagine the economy.

325
00:29:19,600 --> 00:29:24,440
The way we've constructed it right
now means that it's incredibly

326
00:29:24,440 --> 00:29:27,000
unstable and prone to crashes.

327
00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:45,760
If you look at the
London Stock Exchange

328
00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:48,240
and you look at the implied
<font color="

329
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:50,040
the companies that are listed there,

330
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:52,080
particularly the
oil and gas companies,

331
00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:55,440
that we have three and a half
degrees of change embedded

332
00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:57,520
in the London Stock Exchange.

333
00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:03,080
It's one of the worst exchanges
<font color="

334
00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:05,600
of the world's largest
oil and gas companies list...

335
00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:08,920
..which means that people's
pensions,

336
00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:10,800
savings and investments in the UK

337
00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:15,040
are actually invested in financing
a future that no-one wants to see,

338
00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:16,880
<font color="

339
00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:27,720
People tend to be ignorant
about money because finance

340
00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:29,120
is quite complicated.

341
00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:32,320
And because it's been functioning
by and large reasonably well

342
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:35,040
for so long, there's been this
paternalistic culture

343
00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:36,680
<font color="

344
00:30:36,680 --> 00:30:38,600
"It's OK, don't worry,
it's all working."

345
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:40,600
Whereas, actually, it's not.

346
00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:46,120
We need to now rapidly raise our
collective understanding of banking,

347
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:48,960
insurance and investment,
particularly investment,

348
00:30:48,960 --> 00:30:53,600
<font color="
companies that are undermining

349
00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:56,680
the future that we wish
to bequeath to our children.

350
00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:20,360
Angel Gurria, when he was
the Secretary-General of the OECD,

351
00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:22,640
talked about carbon entanglement.

352
00:31:24,520 --> 00:31:27,960
What he meant was,
<font color="

353
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,240
from the environmental department

354
00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:36,520
coming to UN meetings and pledging
to stop certain activity,

355
00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:38,360
let's say drilling...

356
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:45,920
..and then they would return home
to find that the chancellor

357
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:49,200
of their exchequer
<font color="

358
00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:56,920
..because the amount of revenue
that the Exchequer received

359
00:31:56,920 --> 00:32:00,760
through the tax that was charged on
the fossil fuel when it was sold...

360
00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,480
..that that level of entanglement
of economic activity meant that

361
00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:09,080
we couldn't simply stop
<font color="

362
00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:13,240
..because, in stopping that...

363
00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:16,880
..all other things would stop, too.

364
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:35,680
I think that my predictions

365
00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:39,960
beyond 2050 are difficult to make...

366
00:32:46,840 --> 00:32:50,040
..and the reason I say this
is because I don't believe

367
00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:53,840
the global economy will be
<font color="

368
00:32:53,840 --> 00:32:59,280
unless we make big, big changes
over the next five to ten years

369
00:32:59,280 --> 00:33:03,560
to manage the disaster that's
just around the corner.

370
00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:14,080
A series of crises that will begin
unfolding after mid-century

371
00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,080
is going to mean the
<font color="

372
00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:26,480
I believe that what we do
over the next five years,

373
00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:30,160
and the "we" in that sentence refers
to humanity,

374
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,360
will determine the future of
humanity for the next millennium.

375
00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:53,200
I think people will look back
<font color="

376
00:33:53,200 --> 00:33:55,240
about how ridiculous it was.

377
00:33:56,400 --> 00:33:58,880
How could you know about
such a massive issue

378
00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:01,600
and still worry more about profit?

379
00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:03,480
It feels a bit surreal in a way.

380
00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:12,760
WAVES ROAR

381
00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:25,360
The whole issue of climate change
<font color="

382
00:34:25,360 --> 00:34:28,120
and there was a lot of discussions
around that in the late '80s

383
00:34:28,120 --> 00:34:30,960
and the early '90s, and it wasn't
something I knew a lot about,

384
00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:33,720
so I decided to go back to
university to try and find something

385
00:34:33,720 --> 00:34:35,200
out about climate change,

386
00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:37,720
<font color="
to leave the oil industry.

387
00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:49,240
When we burn oil and gas,
or indeed any fossil fuel,

388
00:34:49,240 --> 00:34:51,640
it's made up of two
principal elements -

389
00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:53,560
one's carbon and one's hydrogen.

390
00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:59,320
That carbon combusts with the oxygen
<font color="

391
00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:11,840
And now, of course, we're burning
all of this fossil fuel so rapidly.

392
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:16,920
Remember, these are fossil fuels
that were laid down by trees

393
00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:19,960
and by other plants
over millions of years.

394
00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,080
We're taking them all out of
<font color="

395
00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:28,120
releasing all of that carbon
back out into the atmosphere,

396
00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:30,840
this carbon dioxide, through
the combustion in our car engines

397
00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:32,520
and our power stations.

398
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:59,000
So very, very deliberately,
as part of market ideology,

399
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:03,320
<font color="
democracies or governments or states

400
00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:08,120
to regulate or to manage the
production and the extraction

401
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:09,920
of finite assets -

402
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:13,600
this has to be left to something
called the invisible hand.

403
00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:39,160
And if the invisible hand decides
<font color="

404
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:43,240
it's necessary to churn out more
fossil fuels, then the invisible

405
00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:47,240
hand will actually disadvantage
the public and governments

406
00:36:47,240 --> 00:36:49,880
and, indeed, that is
what is happening now.

407
00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:17,000
Once the crude gets to a
<font color="

408
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:25,960
..it's made into lots of things like
petrol, aviation fuel and tarmac.

409
00:37:25,960 --> 00:37:29,640
It's also made into this
substance called naphtha,

410
00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:35,080
which is the sort of, a basis that
you would use to make plastics.

411
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:49,160
You then put it into a petrochemical
<font color="

412
00:37:49,160 --> 00:37:51,280
out of it, such as ethylene.

413
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:54,880
And then that ethylene is made
into other stuff such as PVC.

414
00:37:57,960 --> 00:38:00,040
And that is plastic as we know it.

415
00:38:11,120 --> 00:38:14,760
When you burn a gallon of petrol,
it goes into the atmosphere

416
00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:18,080
pretty quickly. When you turn it
<font color="

417
00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:21,560
for a bit and then thrown away,
it stays in a landfill

418
00:38:21,560 --> 00:38:23,720
for many hundreds of years...

419
00:38:25,160 --> 00:38:26,880
..possibly thousands of years.

420
00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:39,920
And then there are tiny bits
of plastic, microplastics,

421
00:38:39,920 --> 00:38:42,280
which are in everything.

422
00:38:42,280 --> 00:38:45,360
<font color="
in rivers and in seas,

423
00:38:45,360 --> 00:38:48,320
and even in our
human tissues and organs

424
00:38:48,320 --> 00:38:50,640
and in the tissues of other animals.

425
00:38:55,600 --> 00:38:58,560
And all those bits of plastic
at some point

426
00:38:58,560 --> 00:39:00,840
came out of an oil well.

427
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:11,280
And it wasn't so recently.

428
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:15,080
<font color="
until the '60s in any major way.

429
00:39:38,720 --> 00:39:42,800
Since signing the Paris Agreement
in 2016, the UK Government has given

430
00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:46,800
£4 billion of public money
to North Sea oil and gas companies.

431
00:39:46,800 --> 00:39:49,480
That is a huge amount of money
<font color="

432
00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:52,080
public good and is instead propping
up these big, polluting,

433
00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:54,360
harmful companies.

434
00:39:55,520 --> 00:39:58,480
I heard about a case that was
happening that was taking the

435
00:39:58,480 --> 00:40:02,240
UK Government to court around these
subsidies and around the new policy

436
00:40:02,240 --> 00:40:05,680
<font color="
the Oil and Gas Authority,

437
00:40:05,680 --> 00:40:10,040
which basically allows for the
promotion of oil and gas production.

438
00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:14,440
I feel like I got to a point
where I was so desperate

439
00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:16,400
about - what should I do?
What can I do?

440
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,320
<font color="
to court to pull the plug

441
00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:24,880
on public payments
for big polluters.

442
00:40:26,120 --> 00:40:30,640
The world is moving away
from an oil and gas economy

443
00:40:30,640 --> 00:40:32,280
to a lower carbon economy,

444
00:40:32,280 --> 00:40:35,520
so we, BP, intend to be part
of that transition.

445
00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:40,360
<font color="
the move, we wouldn't exist.

446
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:46,080
We will be taking carbon emissions
from heavy industry

447
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:48,120
that is based in the Teesside area

448
00:40:48,120 --> 00:40:50,880
and sequestering that
in reservoirs offshore.

449
00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:54,080
We'll be using the same
<font color="

450
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:56,800
to what we've used with our oil
and gas production

451
00:40:56,800 --> 00:41:00,040
to capture that material
and inject it.

452
00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:04,720
The oil industry has traditionally
been full of people

453
00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:06,760
who love solving problems.

454
00:41:08,040 --> 00:41:09,760
<font color="

455
00:41:09,760 --> 00:41:12,160
because they want to build
big things and do stuff,

456
00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:14,480
and that doesn't matter
whether you're a woman or a man.

457
00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:17,440
It's that challenge
in your mind that you love -

458
00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:19,800
and this is another challenge.

459
00:41:24,200 --> 00:41:29,120
<font color="
in the UK that we're still producing

460
00:41:29,120 --> 00:41:32,480
the same level, the same level
of hydrocarbons that we're producing

461
00:41:32,480 --> 00:41:35,720
now, but with a net,
with a net zero footprint.

462
00:41:35,720 --> 00:41:38,920
So we often hear this language now,
particularly of net zero.

463
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:42,200
<font color="
sort of understand what it is.

464
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:45,120
And, actually, from a purely
scientific point of view,

465
00:41:45,120 --> 00:41:46,480
it makes some sort of sense.

466
00:41:46,480 --> 00:41:49,680
The idea is that we have to get
to a point where the emissions

467
00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:52,320
we put into the atmosphere
<font color="

468
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:54,080
that are removed
from the atmosphere.

469
00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:57,240
So what we put out is balanced
by what is taken back in.

470
00:41:57,240 --> 00:41:59,640
And we then give it like a year,

471
00:41:59,640 --> 00:42:02,120
so at some point in the future,
always a long way away,

472
00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:04,320
<font color="

473
00:42:04,320 --> 00:42:08,320
In 2050, we will have this net zero,
where we'll have found a way

474
00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:11,320
to balance our emissions, which are
still quite significant then,

475
00:42:11,320 --> 00:42:14,920
with sinks that absorb the carbon
dioxide back into the atmosphere.

476
00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:23,760
We are setting up a carbon capture
<font color="

477
00:42:23,760 --> 00:42:28,560
take some of the CO2 that we produce
from a hydrogen process

478
00:42:28,560 --> 00:42:32,720
and then we will store that carbon
in underground reservoirs,

479
00:42:32,720 --> 00:42:36,680
depleted gas fields, where we
produce the hydrocarbons from there.

480
00:42:36,680 --> 00:42:39,640
We know the history,
<font color="

481
00:42:39,640 --> 00:42:42,520
Actually, the UK could be
in a really robust position

482
00:42:42,520 --> 00:42:45,600
for carbon capture with the
spin-offs for potentially

483
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:48,280
supply chain benefits,
exporting some of those skills

484
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:50,280
to other countries.

485
00:42:50,280 --> 00:42:54,160
<font color="
of carbon capture and storage

486
00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:55,360
on power stations.

487
00:42:55,360 --> 00:42:59,440
I've got colleagues that have been
working on this for 20 years.

488
00:43:15,440 --> 00:43:20,000
There is currently no operational
carbon capture and storage, CCS,

489
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:22,680
capacity in the UK or Europe.

490
00:43:22,680 --> 00:43:26,160
<font color="
won't be in the next decade,

491
00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:28,480
and the next decade really matters.

492
00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:32,400
So it's absolutely no excuse
to continue expanding oil and gas

493
00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:35,320
infrastructure on the assumption
that we can bring down

494
00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:37,960
those emissions using that
<font color="

495
00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:39,880
It's just, it's not going to happen.

496
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:43,880
We will maintain some level of oil
and gas production over time,

497
00:43:43,880 --> 00:43:47,920
but we're hugely ramping up our
investments in non oil and gas

498
00:43:47,920 --> 00:43:49,680
forms of energy as well.

499
00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:55,800
We're about to get into a ScotWind
<font color="

500
00:43:55,800 --> 00:44:00,520
That, the process itself to actually
acquire the leases, takes time.

501
00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:03,840
From the point at which
wind leases are acquired

502
00:44:03,840 --> 00:44:05,880
to when wind farms are installed

503
00:44:05,880 --> 00:44:08,320
is normally a period
of about ten years.

504
00:44:09,800 --> 00:44:12,520
<font color="
to compress that period

505
00:44:12,520 --> 00:44:14,200
and make it faster.

506
00:44:14,200 --> 00:44:19,120
But it's almost, just the realities
of what happens is these...

507
00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:22,640
What we are talking about is
changing the infrastructure

508
00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:25,400
of the world - that takes time.

509
00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:44,280
<font color="
has been built on

510
00:44:44,280 --> 00:44:46,240
a hydrocarbon-based infrastructure.

511
00:44:48,120 --> 00:44:49,920
Maybe a good analogy would be

512
00:44:49,920 --> 00:44:53,760
it's almost like replacing
all the veins in the human body.

513
00:45:05,960 --> 00:45:11,120
I guess we have an addiction to
oil and gas in our society

514
00:45:11,120 --> 00:45:13,760
<font color="
thoughtfully

515
00:45:13,760 --> 00:45:15,680
as to how we move forward.

516
00:45:16,840 --> 00:45:19,200
Just to stop it for the
sake of stopping it

517
00:45:19,200 --> 00:45:22,240
isn't going to stop the demand
that's associated with it.

518
00:45:25,400 --> 00:45:29,080
Everything we use
has an oil base virtually in it.

519
00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:39,960
<font color="
the tyres on the electric car,

520
00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:43,800
or the iPhone. I think the iPhone's
got about six litres of oil

521
00:45:43,800 --> 00:45:45,760
used in its manufacture.

522
00:45:45,760 --> 00:45:49,720
Your waterproof jacket,
which we all need here in Scotland,

523
00:45:49,720 --> 00:45:51,600
there's hydrocarbon in it.

524
00:45:51,600 --> 00:45:53,680
<font color="

525
00:45:53,680 --> 00:45:58,600
So having a go at North Sea oil
and gas production...

526
00:45:59,880 --> 00:46:03,320
..in itself, I think, is unfair.

527
00:46:03,320 --> 00:46:07,160
People in the oil industry
and just people in general have a go

528
00:46:07,160 --> 00:46:11,400
at environmentalists for, you know,
using phones and buying shoes.

529
00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:13,120
<font color="

530
00:46:13,120 --> 00:46:15,520
they're not going to listen
to what you have to say

531
00:46:15,520 --> 00:46:18,600
and, I mean, that is exactly
what the fossil fuel industry wants.

532
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:22,240
It takes the pressure off of them
and onto everyday people

533
00:46:22,240 --> 00:46:26,080
whose individual actions
<font color="

534
00:46:26,080 --> 00:46:31,480
is tiny compared to the actions of
massive fossil fuel corporations.

535
00:46:31,480 --> 00:46:35,320
We need to start talking
about this as a systemic problem

536
00:46:35,320 --> 00:46:37,200
and not as an individual problem.

537
00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:43,760
There's no real consumer choice
around the fact that we live in

538
00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:46,440
<font color="
we have to use oil and gas

539
00:46:46,440 --> 00:46:49,520
currently because other
alternatives are not being promoted.

540
00:46:56,640 --> 00:46:58,400
This is not made of oil.

541
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:00,040
This is not made of oil.

542
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:01,800
This is not made of oil.

543
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:03,440
This is not made of oil.

544
00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:05,200
<font color="

545
00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:06,800
This is not made of oil.

546
00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:10,960
I think we've been hearing
that the oil and gas company

547
00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:14,920
is the answer to our future
energy needs for decades

548
00:47:14,920 --> 00:47:19,240
and the fact is that their
investment in renewable energy

549
00:47:19,240 --> 00:47:24,520
<font color="
of their overall investment.

550
00:47:24,520 --> 00:47:27,240
The Oil and Gas Authority,
if you open up their website

551
00:47:27,240 --> 00:47:29,680
or indeed go to their Twitter
account, that's what they say,

552
00:47:29,680 --> 00:47:33,560
"We're there to maximise oil and gas
production," and they help

553
00:47:33,560 --> 00:47:35,040
<font color="

554
00:47:35,040 --> 00:47:38,760
That demonstrates to me absolutely
clearly how net zero

555
00:47:38,760 --> 00:47:42,520
is basically a front for an
incrementally greenwashed

556
00:47:42,520 --> 00:47:44,200
business as usual.

557
00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:46,120
It delays any real action.

558
00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:50,000
It relies on technologies
<font color="

559
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:52,840
or in only very small pilot schemes
at the moment to remove

560
00:47:52,840 --> 00:47:56,400
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,
hundreds of billions of tonnes

561
00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:59,320
of carbon dioxide, not small
quantities, out in the future.

562
00:47:59,320 --> 00:48:01,240
And when I say "we're"
<font color="

563
00:48:01,240 --> 00:48:03,840
not us, our children
and our children's children.

564
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:07,320
BIRD CRIES

565
00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:19,880
There are several parts
of Fort William that are threatened

566
00:48:19,880 --> 00:48:22,800
with flooding, and this will include
the main roads

567
00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:26,360
and the main rail lines between
<font color="

568
00:48:27,720 --> 00:48:31,080
..and that means that there's
going to be a transport problem

569
00:48:31,080 --> 00:48:35,120
in the future, and food supplies
might cut out at some point.

570
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:47,600
In 50 years' time,
if nothing changes,

571
00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:50,400
the water levels
<font color="

572
00:48:52,760 --> 00:48:57,560
Already this winter, it flooded
right up to where I'm sitting

573
00:48:57,560 --> 00:48:59,800
and the road had to be closed.

574
00:49:01,720 --> 00:49:04,880
If the road up to the
high school could be closed,

575
00:49:04,880 --> 00:49:07,360
how could the children get to
school?

576
00:49:25,400 --> 00:49:29,600
<font color="
that there won't be the same type

577
00:49:29,600 --> 00:49:34,000
of wildlife as there is right now
because of climate change.

578
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:35,880
Ullapool's like a fishing village,

579
00:49:35,880 --> 00:49:38,720
so then, if the
smaller fish die out,

580
00:49:38,720 --> 00:49:41,720
then the bigger fish
<font color="

581
00:49:41,720 --> 00:49:45,120
and that's kind of like
the same as puffins

582
00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:48,040
that live around the
coastal areas of Scotland.

583
00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:52,680
They could be affected by climate
change, if the temperature rises

584
00:49:52,680 --> 00:49:54,120
and the sea levels rise,

585
00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:57,200
<font color="
smaller fish swim away

586
00:49:57,200 --> 00:50:00,400
to places that are cooler
or further north.

587
00:50:00,400 --> 00:50:05,400
Puffins will die of starvation if
they don't sort something out soon.

588
00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,240
This bridge could be
completely underwater.

589
00:50:22,440 --> 00:50:25,760
<font color="
where they're holding COP26,

590
00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:28,040
that's going to be
completely destroyed.

591
00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:32,080
There are so many things happening
in the world right now that...

592
00:50:33,720 --> 00:50:35,960
..I'm honestly not sure I could face

593
00:50:35,960 --> 00:50:38,640
bringing even like a child
<font color="

594
00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:46,960
If we don't make the change now,
we never will.

595
00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:52,040
It's actually so much closer
than a lot of us are actually

596
00:50:52,040 --> 00:50:54,240
willing to believe...

597
00:50:54,240 --> 00:50:56,760
..and that's quite terrifying.

598
00:51:06,560 --> 00:51:09,480
Adults have made their life choices.
<font color="

599
00:51:09,480 --> 00:51:12,680
and they've, you know, sometimes
they have a family,

600
00:51:12,680 --> 00:51:16,480
they have a house, and it's not
going to impact their lives

601
00:51:16,480 --> 00:51:19,840
in the same way it will impact us
because, you know,

602
00:51:19,840 --> 00:51:22,760
what career am I going to have
<font color="

603
00:51:22,760 --> 00:51:24,480
and where am I going to live?

604
00:51:25,880 --> 00:51:28,720
And what food am I going
to be able to eat?

605
00:51:37,160 --> 00:51:40,880
DUCK QUACKS

606
00:51:41,960 --> 00:51:45,240
We're going to have several metres
of sea level rise already locked in

607
00:51:45,240 --> 00:51:47,200
and, since Edinburgh is on the
coast,

608
00:51:47,200 --> 00:51:51,280
<font color="
to lots of areas around here.

609
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:53,160
Everything would be under water,

610
00:51:53,160 --> 00:51:57,480
the Ocean Terminal mall, the pub
at the end of the road over there,

611
00:51:57,480 --> 00:51:58,960
everything.

612
00:51:58,960 --> 00:52:01,560
It's not even that far
in the future,

613
00:52:01,560 --> 00:52:04,560
<font color="
retirement.

614
00:52:04,560 --> 00:52:07,400
Even if we feel
like it's in the distant future,

615
00:52:07,400 --> 00:52:11,560
areas I go all the time will not be,
they won't even exist any more.

616
00:52:26,960 --> 00:52:30,480
THEY CHANT: BP, Shell,
take your oil and go to hell.

617
00:52:30,480 --> 00:52:35,160
<font color="
take your oil and go to hell.

618
00:52:35,160 --> 00:52:38,280
ExxonMobil, BP, Shell,
take your oil...

619
00:52:42,280 --> 00:52:46,640
The things I am most worried
about is the future

620
00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:48,800
for children aged 15,

621
00:52:48,800 --> 00:52:51,200
children aged three, four, five.

622
00:52:58,920 --> 00:53:02,640
<font color="
alive by the end of the century.

623
00:53:04,760 --> 00:53:09,440
And, at the moment, that is really
not looking like the sort of place

624
00:53:09,440 --> 00:53:11,120
you'd like to live in.

625
00:53:17,920 --> 00:53:21,080
So what we are seeing
is a major disturbance

626
00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:23,320
in the global weather system,

627
00:53:23,320 --> 00:53:28,520
<font color="
happening to that ice on Greenland.

628
00:53:28,520 --> 00:53:31,680
As the ice melts,
it enters the ocean

629
00:53:31,680 --> 00:53:35,960
and there's enough ice there
that, when it's all melted,

630
00:53:35,960 --> 00:53:40,720
sea levels globally will rise by
an average of 7.5 metres,

631
00:53:40,720 --> 00:53:42,360
<font color="

632
00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:48,160
..and we will not recognise
the world when that has happened.

633
00:53:53,880 --> 00:53:58,640
And, quite frankly,
I believe this is already happening

634
00:53:58,640 --> 00:54:04,000
towards that final level
of 24 feet sea level rise.

635
00:54:05,040 --> 00:54:07,400
WATER ROARS

636
00:54:17,440 --> 00:54:21,440
The Paris Agreement says that
<font color="

637
00:54:21,440 --> 00:54:26,600
and the fact that we're heading much
more rapidly towards 3.5 degrees

638
00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:29,800
should be a grave concern
for everybody.

639
00:54:31,120 --> 00:54:33,240
SHOUTING

640
00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:44,600
My family is still mostly
in Bangladesh

641
00:54:44,600 --> 00:54:49,040
and I see it as,
<font color="

642
00:54:49,040 --> 00:54:53,760
a very personal example
of the deep injustice

643
00:54:53,760 --> 00:54:56,800
at the heart of the climate crisis.

644
00:55:03,080 --> 00:55:07,240
As a country, it's done so little
historically to contribute

645
00:55:07,240 --> 00:55:10,600
to the amount of carbon
that's in the atmosphere

646
00:55:10,600 --> 00:55:13,840
<font color="
the climate crisis,

647
00:55:13,840 --> 00:55:17,920
and yet people there will be bearing
the impact, already are

648
00:55:17,920 --> 00:55:21,440
overwhelmingly living
with the impacts

649
00:55:21,440 --> 00:55:23,800
that we're currently experiencing
of climate change.

650
00:55:31,640 --> 00:55:34,920
<font color="
by 2050,

651
00:55:34,920 --> 00:55:38,680
we will see the...
Everyone knows Bangladesh,

652
00:55:38,680 --> 00:55:41,440
two thirds of the country
under water.

653
00:55:45,640 --> 00:55:48,080
It's expected that tens of
millions...

654
00:55:48,080 --> 00:55:50,520
I think one estimate
<font color="

655
00:55:50,520 --> 00:55:53,480
will have to emigrate

656
00:55:53,480 --> 00:55:57,760
as a result
of the impacts of climate change.

657
00:55:57,760 --> 00:56:01,600
Vietnam, 90% of the country
under water, sea water

658
00:56:01,600 --> 00:56:05,240
at least once a year by 2050,
in 30 years' time.

659
00:56:09,840 --> 00:56:13,240
The Mekong Delta region
<font color="

660
00:56:13,240 --> 00:56:15,760
of rice paddy fields in the world.

661
00:56:15,760 --> 00:56:19,560
By the time we get to mid-century,
rice production will collapse.

662
00:56:21,800 --> 00:56:26,040
At 3.5 degrees, roughly
74% of the world's population

663
00:56:26,040 --> 00:56:28,360
cannot live where they do today

664
00:56:28,360 --> 00:56:32,560
because the midday summer air
<font color="

665
00:56:32,560 --> 00:56:35,080
for the body to be able to function.

666
00:56:35,080 --> 00:56:37,600
The body's inner organs
will start to collapse.

667
00:56:40,440 --> 00:56:43,640
We are looking, by mid-century,

668
00:56:43,640 --> 00:56:47,560
possibly at 100 million
climate refugees

669
00:56:47,560 --> 00:56:51,240
from that part of the world,
<font color="

670
00:56:52,280 --> 00:56:54,840
..and that'll be happening
around the world.

671
00:57:03,800 --> 00:57:09,160
We have to defossilise the global
economy as quickly as we can.

672
00:58:53,480 --> 00:58:56,200
PLANE ROARS PAST

673
00:59:53,160 --> 00:59:55,680
CHANTING

674
01:00:07,000 --> 01:00:09,880
In my view, there are many reasons
to be deeply critical

675
01:00:09,880 --> 01:00:11,640
<font color="

676
01:00:13,640 --> 01:00:18,120
The most dangerous voice there was
that from the fossil fuel industry

677
01:00:18,120 --> 01:00:23,360
and, remember, that industry is not
always a private sector voice -

678
01:00:23,360 --> 01:00:25,960
it's often the voice
of the governments.

679
01:00:32,800 --> 01:00:36,480
A lot of the oil companies
<font color="

680
01:00:36,480 --> 01:00:40,120
so the governments themselves
are in effect the oil companies

681
01:00:40,120 --> 01:00:42,080
in many parts of the world.

682
01:00:46,280 --> 01:00:50,840
So whilst tens of thousands,
hundreds of thousands of protesters

683
01:00:50,840 --> 01:00:53,520
and civil society activists
and wider society

684
01:00:53,520 --> 01:00:55,000
<font color="

685
01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:05,160
..the fossil fuel lobbyists are
right in there with the negotiators

686
01:01:05,160 --> 01:01:07,480
before COP and during COP.

687
01:01:07,480 --> 01:01:10,040
They're in the governments.
They're part of the governments.

688
01:01:10,040 --> 01:01:12,760
They're part of the DNA of the COP.

689
01:01:15,480 --> 01:01:18,360
And then we stand back saying,
<font color="

690
01:01:18,360 --> 01:01:21,640
"about the fossil fuel industry and
how we have to rapidly faze it out

691
01:01:21,640 --> 01:01:24,360
"within the agreements that come
out of these COPS."

692
01:01:24,360 --> 01:01:26,320
And Glasgow, again,
was just the same.

693
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:34,880
They're in and out of the
<font color="

694
01:01:34,880 --> 01:01:37,360
I think there's some evidence that
suggests nine or ten times

695
01:01:37,360 --> 01:01:40,360
more often than you get people
from the renewables coming in there,

696
01:01:40,360 --> 01:01:43,200
and they've been doing this
again for decade after decade.

697
01:02:10,160 --> 01:02:14,240
The fact is that, if we were about
<font color="

698
01:02:14,240 --> 01:02:17,600
if the country was about
to be hit by a meteorite,

699
01:02:17,600 --> 01:02:21,480
the government would do everything
possible to prevent

700
01:02:21,480 --> 01:02:23,360
that happening immediately.

701
01:02:23,360 --> 01:02:27,400
It wouldn't say, "Oh, let's wait
for the private sector to come up

702
01:02:27,400 --> 01:02:31,360
<font color="
a managed transition

703
01:02:31,360 --> 01:02:33,680
"before the moment of impact."

704
01:02:33,680 --> 01:02:36,200
Right? We can't afford to do that.

705
01:02:36,200 --> 01:02:41,760
The urgency of the climate crisis
is not entirely unlike

706
01:02:41,760 --> 01:02:45,560
the threat we would face if we were
to be hit by a meteorite.

707
01:02:45,560 --> 01:02:51,600
<font color="
self-serving capital gains-making

708
01:02:51,600 --> 01:02:55,360
shareholders in oil companies
for that transition.

709
01:03:57,520 --> 01:04:00,360
METALLIC CLANKING

710
01:04:03,600 --> 01:04:06,200
We need to decommission properly.

711
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:09,760
There are certain obligations
that we're under

712
01:04:09,760 --> 01:04:14,560
<font color="
that we do tidy up after ourselves.

713
01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:17,920
So we decommission, we do it safely,
we do it efficiently,

714
01:04:17,920 --> 01:04:23,080
we do it cost-effectively, and we do
it with an environmental...head on.

715
01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:31,040
The industry is liable
for all the costs

716
01:04:31,040 --> 01:04:32,920
<font color="

717
01:04:38,280 --> 01:04:42,800
The way that the tax regime works
in this country for oil and gas

718
01:04:42,800 --> 01:04:48,040
companies is that they can claim
costs that they incur

719
01:04:48,040 --> 01:04:51,720
from decommissioning oil and gas
assets, which is another way

720
01:04:51,720 --> 01:04:55,400
of saying cleaning up the mess
<font color="

721
01:04:55,400 --> 01:04:59,640
You know, it's disassembling rigs,
making sure that there isn't a whole

722
01:04:59,640 --> 01:05:02,560
lot of toxic sludge left behind,
the sort of clean-up

723
01:05:02,560 --> 01:05:05,680
that all polluting industries
have to do

724
01:05:05,680 --> 01:05:08,160
when they exit from that industry.

725
01:05:08,160 --> 01:05:12,240
<font color="
company, the UK taxpayer

726
01:05:12,240 --> 01:05:16,480
pays about 50% of the costs
of decommissioning.

727
01:05:25,240 --> 01:05:29,400
All companies in the sector
benefit from that tax regime

728
01:05:29,400 --> 01:05:31,840
and it means that,
whether they're a British company

729
01:05:31,840 --> 01:05:36,040
<font color="
they are not making a contribution

730
01:05:36,040 --> 01:05:41,800
to the British economy in terms
of the money that they contribute

731
01:05:41,800 --> 01:05:45,760
to the public purse, and they are
benefiting from taxpayer dollars.

732
01:05:57,000 --> 01:06:00,720
The UK's Office of National
Accounts has estimated

733
01:06:00,720 --> 01:06:04,720
<font color="
we are on the hook

734
01:06:04,720 --> 01:06:07,920
for £18 billion
in decommissioning costs.

735
01:06:11,760 --> 01:06:15,800
It's the kind of arrangement that
no other industry benefits from.

736
01:06:26,200 --> 01:06:29,800
We need to transition. We need to
get the manufacturing site onshore.

737
01:06:31,880 --> 01:06:33,360
<font color="

738
01:06:33,360 --> 01:06:38,120
we could recycle the steel and we
could build jackets for turbines.

739
01:06:38,120 --> 01:06:40,200
We could build the turbines.

740
01:06:49,920 --> 01:06:52,520
Right now, the future of North Sea
oil

741
01:06:52,520 --> 01:06:55,160
is in the hands of
the investment houses.

742
01:06:58,080 --> 01:07:02,440
<font color="
in the UK now,

743
01:07:02,440 --> 01:07:06,280
the majors aren't making enough
quick enough,

744
01:07:06,280 --> 01:07:09,200
and as their assets get older
they've got to spend more money

745
01:07:09,200 --> 01:07:12,120
on them and they don't want
to be doing that either.

746
01:07:14,400 --> 01:07:16,440
<font color="

747
01:07:17,680 --> 01:07:20,720
..investment houses
looking to make a quick buck.

748
01:07:22,280 --> 01:07:25,120
As we move forward with the
whole climate debate,

749
01:07:25,120 --> 01:07:29,160
you're going
to see these investment houses

750
01:07:29,160 --> 01:07:33,960
being exposed and attacked for
<font color="

751
01:07:41,080 --> 01:07:46,440
These investment houses are going
to think twice and a lot of them

752
01:07:46,440 --> 01:07:48,480
are just going to pull the plug.

753
01:07:48,480 --> 01:07:50,080
And if they pull the plug...

754
01:07:51,240 --> 01:07:53,360
..that ends operations here.

755
01:07:57,560 --> 01:07:59,280
That shuts it down.

756
01:08:05,880 --> 01:08:08,320
Oil and gas workers
<font color="

757
01:08:08,320 --> 01:08:10,640
about what the future
holds for them.

758
01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:20,320
The technology, the ability, the
core skills, the infrastructure,

759
01:08:20,320 --> 01:08:23,720
the supply chain companies,
they're all here.

760
01:08:23,720 --> 01:08:25,480
They can all deliver

761
01:08:25,480 --> 01:08:29,760
on what we need to do
<font color="

762
01:08:29,760 --> 01:08:33,360
whether it's carbon capture,
whether it's hydrogen production.

763
01:08:35,080 --> 01:08:36,600
We can do it all...

764
01:08:37,960 --> 01:08:39,200
..given the chance.

765
01:08:46,480 --> 01:08:48,360
You see, the big oil companies,

766
01:08:48,360 --> 01:08:51,440
they're now beginning to sell up
and move away...

767
01:08:53,320 --> 01:08:57,840
<font color="
range of much smaller companies.

768
01:08:57,840 --> 01:09:02,480
So those are private equity
companies who are owned by

769
01:09:02,480 --> 01:09:06,640
private individuals based in,
say, for example, Switzerland

770
01:09:06,640 --> 01:09:08,680
or the USA or Russia.

771
01:09:09,760 --> 01:09:13,200
And then also state-owned companies,

772
01:09:13,200 --> 01:09:16,280
<font color="

773
01:09:16,280 --> 01:09:19,560
but also China and Iran.

774
01:09:19,560 --> 01:09:22,800
The Chinese National
Offshore Oil Company

775
01:09:22,800 --> 01:09:26,080
has three major oil fields
in the North Sea -

776
01:09:26,080 --> 01:09:28,840
Telford and Golden Eagle
and Buzzard.

777
01:09:28,840 --> 01:09:33,760
Buzzard is the highest producing
<font color="

778
01:09:33,760 --> 01:09:38,280
so China has an increasingly
important role to play

779
01:09:38,280 --> 01:09:40,640
in the future of this area

780
01:09:40,640 --> 01:09:44,880
and that's an important thing
when we think about how much control

781
01:09:44,880 --> 01:09:50,360
do we as British citizens have over
the future of the North Sea.

782
01:09:52,080 --> 01:09:54,680
<font color="
in Scotland say, "We don't want

783
01:09:54,680 --> 01:09:59,560
"that oil exploited because of
climate change or whatever,"

784
01:09:59,560 --> 01:10:04,120
then the UK would have to compensate

785
01:10:04,120 --> 01:10:08,320
the Chinese National Oil Company,
and effectively the Chinese state,

786
01:10:08,320 --> 01:10:11,680
for tearing up the contract
<font color="

787
01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:18,520
..which means that it is more and
more removed from government control

788
01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:21,920
and democratic control
and public scrutiny.

789
01:10:28,880 --> 01:10:31,320
DISTANT HORN BLARES

790
01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:41,560
About two thirds of the oil that we
produce is being exported

791
01:10:41,560 --> 01:10:46,160
<font color="
and the US,

792
01:10:46,160 --> 01:10:50,040
and not used to be refined here,
on the UK mainland...

793
01:10:51,320 --> 01:10:55,080
..which undermines the argument
that this is important

794
01:10:55,080 --> 01:10:56,760
for UK energy security.

795
01:10:56,760 --> 01:10:59,240
WAVES ROAR

796
01:11:09,040 --> 01:11:11,480
I think we'll look back
<font color="

797
01:11:11,480 --> 01:11:15,200
before everything goes insane,
and we can't even stop it any more.

798
01:11:15,200 --> 01:11:17,880
And I think there is going to be a
lot of resentment from future

799
01:11:17,880 --> 01:11:20,160
generations because we really
are at the last point

800
01:11:20,160 --> 01:11:21,760
where we can change things.

801
01:11:21,760 --> 01:11:24,000
<font color="
the future generations

802
01:11:24,000 --> 01:11:26,080
are ever really going to be able
to forgive us.

803
01:11:26,080 --> 01:11:28,080
Yeah, they're going to blame us

804
01:11:28,080 --> 01:11:30,840
and we're not even the ones
in control here.

805
01:11:39,440 --> 01:11:43,960
We have been consistently wrong
<font color="

806
01:11:43,960 --> 01:11:45,360
have become competitive.

807
01:11:45,360 --> 01:11:48,720
The price of solar has dropped
by 80% in the last decade.

808
01:11:48,720 --> 01:11:51,240
Nobody, including the world's
leading energy forecasters,

809
01:11:51,240 --> 01:11:53,040
saw that coming.

810
01:11:56,280 --> 01:12:01,200
So to continue to lock in
<font color="

811
01:12:01,200 --> 01:12:04,880
because we think that in 30 years'
time we might still need it

812
01:12:04,880 --> 01:12:06,440
is a huge mistake.

813
01:12:35,160 --> 01:12:39,080
Compared with digging deep beneath
the North Sea to produce this,

814
01:12:39,080 --> 01:12:42,400
you know, quite
challenging material...

815
01:12:45,320 --> 01:12:48,560
<font color="
year after year,

816
01:12:48,560 --> 01:12:52,520
decade after decade, the huge
refineries that then convert this

817
01:12:52,520 --> 01:12:55,920
black goo into all sorts of amazing
products, one way or another,

818
01:12:55,920 --> 01:12:58,800
that we've managed to do that
is incredible.

819
01:13:02,240 --> 01:13:06,240
<font color="
industry now that's developing -

820
01:13:06,240 --> 01:13:09,160
it looks so much simpler
than this oil industry

821
01:13:09,160 --> 01:13:11,480
that we've completely normalised.

822
01:13:13,040 --> 01:13:15,640
And I look at the skills
that we have offshore,

823
01:13:15,640 --> 01:13:18,160
that degree of sort of, you know,
<font color="

824
01:13:18,160 --> 01:13:19,760
understanding and so forth,

825
01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:22,440
you think, if we applied that to the
renewables,

826
01:13:22,440 --> 01:13:24,120
we could deliver a renewable

827
01:13:24,120 --> 01:13:28,880
renaissance, or a new renewable
conversion from fossil fuels,

828
01:13:28,880 --> 01:13:32,960
far more quickly than we ever built
<font color="

829
01:14:13,680 --> 01:14:17,320
We need every institution of
finance, be they insurers

830
01:14:17,320 --> 01:14:21,920
or fund managers or banks,
the OECD, the World Bank, the IMF,

831
01:14:21,920 --> 01:14:25,680
we all need to work collectively
to make sure that we rebase global

832
01:14:25,680 --> 01:14:29,560
economic growth so that it's no
<font color="

833
01:14:34,680 --> 01:14:38,080
If we don't deliver that,
then civilisation itself is at risk.

834
01:14:40,720 --> 01:14:43,720
I know that sounds hyperbolic,
but it is a fact.

835
01:14:46,560 --> 01:14:48,760
PLANE ENGINES ROAR

836
01:14:57,400 --> 01:14:59,960
Oil was discovered in 1859 -

837
01:14:59,960 --> 01:15:05,680
at that time, there were about
<font color="

838
01:15:06,680 --> 01:15:11,040
..and that was how we powered
lights in cities - whale oil.

839
01:15:15,680 --> 01:15:20,760
About ten years later, half
of that whaling fleet was worthless

840
01:15:20,760 --> 01:15:23,920
because nobody needed
the whales any more.

841
01:15:23,920 --> 01:15:25,600
It's going to take a lot longer,

842
01:15:25,600 --> 01:15:30,400
<font color="
to the whaling vessels

843
01:15:30,400 --> 01:15:32,280
of 150 years ago.

844
01:15:43,720 --> 01:15:45,680
This period of burning
the fossil fuels,

845
01:15:45,680 --> 01:15:49,640
of really taking what has been
millions and millions of years

846
01:15:49,640 --> 01:15:53,600
of laying down the carbon
<font color="

847
01:15:53,600 --> 01:15:56,840
and suddenly releasing it,
virtually overnight,

848
01:15:56,840 --> 01:15:59,280
but that's a very short timeframe.

849
01:15:59,280 --> 01:16:03,360
So to assume that we can't live
as humans without fossil fuels

850
01:16:03,360 --> 01:16:06,400
completely misunderstands
that we have done so in the past...

851
01:16:08,840 --> 01:16:11,160
<font color="
in the future.

852
01:16:26,760 --> 01:16:32,520
We're embedded in the physical realm
of the oil machine,

853
01:16:32,520 --> 01:16:36,360
but we're also embedded in the
emotional world of that.

854
01:16:42,560 --> 01:16:45,680
It makes the way we think
and it makes the way we feel.

855
01:17:02,160 --> 01:17:05,600
<font color="
getting out of oil

856
01:17:05,600 --> 01:17:10,560
is that it feels like life
is going to be more deprived...

857
01:17:12,600 --> 01:17:15,080
..and we're frightened of that.

858
01:17:38,000 --> 01:17:43,040
Our desires are often made possible
by a level of energy consumption.

859
01:18:01,880 --> 01:18:04,800
WATER GURGLES

860
01:18:10,400 --> 01:18:12,160
<font color="

861
01:18:14,920 --> 01:18:17,040
We have to go beyond it.

862
01:18:23,440 --> 01:18:26,080
We have to find a way out
the other side of it.

863
01:18:30,560 --> 01:18:33,800
That will lead us to
learning new ways of being.